CRAFTS: AN INTRODUCTION
As the film industry developed into a burgeoning new business, the flourishing studios had the resources to hire and retain the finest craftspersons in the world. Born out of this Hollywood Studio System was a tradition of unsurpassed excellence and integrity, of well-honed skills and innate talent, of veteran personnel and eager new workers -- the tradition of IATSE Local 44.
The varied craft divisions within this local evolved after much thought, energy, time and debate. And the evolution continues -- today the entire entertainment industry is in a state of flux due to the everchanging landscape of how the various studios are structured and do business, as well as to the extraordinary advances of technology. The present is always a product of the past, but these two eras -- "then" and "now" -- are quite different in a number of compelling ways.
Longtime members (some of whom were present when Local 44 received its official IATSE charter in 1939) remember the early days, when working for one studio for a lifetime was the rule, not the exception. The studios kept their core ranks continually employed; if one wasn't working on a film or television project, one was working on lot improvements. IA members even played important roles in constructing studio amusement park "spinoffs," such as Disneyland and the Universal Studios Tour.
At that time and until recently, seniority was the established rule, and members sometimes worked years before advancing to journeyman status. As a result, a member of the industry then traditionally received excellent on-the-job apprenticeship experience. Consequently, a member of that era tended to develop a much broader range of skills than his or her contemporary counterparts simply due to the diversity of work requests the member was expected to perform.
Members today tend to compartmentalize their skills, and focus on a more narrow area of expertise than in the past. Callboard seniority no longer exists -- a 30-day newcomer on the out-of-work list is afforded the same privileges as a 30-year veteran. Advancements now occur much more rapidly than they used to. And increasingly, as independent productions are organized, formerly non-IA employees work alongside industry stalwarts.
As a result, lines of responsibility have become blurred. Former non-union workers -- accustomed to the rough-and-tumble world of independent film production and multiple job duties that extended beyond their specific crafts -- now find themselves working within lines that are more firmly drawn in the IA. Conversely, union members face the challenge of interacting with new colleagues whose work experience is so different from their own.
While all of this sounds confusing, difficult and potentially adversarial, one should understand the necessary and underlying truth . . .
In the beginning, there was no book, no precedent, no rules set in stone. Various job jurisdictions evolved over time -- not out of a sense of provincialism, but because production crews sought out the best, most efficient delineation of responsibilities in the interest of a smooth-running production.
Today, the Studio System is no more. Producers feel an increased obligation to the bottom line and, as a result, there seems to be little appreciation or understanding for the traditions of old. Now, more than ever, the Affiliated Property Craftspersons themselves must tend to the ancestral flame.
It is up to each member to cherish and cultivate this tremendous legacy of which he or she is a part. Respect the foundation that was laid by taking the initiative to learn from those who can pass on skills which have been forged over a lifetime of dedication to these honorable crafts. Hopefully, today's newcomer will be worthy of passing on the torch to an equally deserving novice tomorrow.
Each of the following Craft Sections -- Construction Coordinator, Property (which includes Upholstery/Drapery/Sewing, Carpeting/Floor Covering and Greens), Property Master, Propmaker/Prop Shop, Set Decorator and Special Effects-- presents a general definition of that craft, a list of principal crew responsibilities, requirements for initiation, and a list of skills which have historically served these respective craftspersons in the past. Remember that these sections are merely rough sketches of the nuances and complexities of each craft, drawn from tradition, time, experience, trial and error, the spoken and written word and, of course, the IATSE contract.
Next is a list of Classification Codes, which provides an overview of relevant craft skills, certificates and licenses, as well as the Production Budgeting Guidelines -- a quick graph system of budgeting responsibilities for each craft department which has evolved out of tradition and past practices.
CONSTRUCTION COORDINATOR
The Construction Coordinator -- who schedules, supervises and coordinates the construction of sets for motion pictures and television projects -- is essentially the equivalent of a general contractor on the "outside." Like a general contractor, the Construction Coordinator estimates, budgets and builds. The major difference is in what Coordinators are asked to build, which could be anything from a typical American household, to a West African jungle, to a 1645 Pilgrim village, or an intergalactic space craft. Coordinators are also called upon to supervise the construction of furniture -- period, contemporary and futuristic.
An additional construction requirement beyond setbuilding is to adapt or add onto existing locations (one Construction Coordinator added three stories of open steel girders to the top of an existing 38 story high rise in the middle of downtown Los Angeles -- because the production needed a building which looked as if it were still under construction).
The Construction Coordinator staffs everyone on the Construction Crew, including Propmakers, Laborers, Plasterers and Painters, and oversees any Greenswork, Sculpting, Floorcovering, and Modeling (architectural pieces for the set). The Construction Coordinator handles much of the paperwork and acts as a liaison between the Production Manager and the Production Designer on all matters of construction. A Construction Coordinator's main goal is to bring the vision of the Production Designer to life within the project's budget.
Frequently, Coordinators are required to engineer the sets to accommodate camera access, lighting and special effects.
CONSTRUCTION COORDINATOR'S RESPONSIBILITIES. Because of his/her integral role, the Construction Coordinator is among the first hired production member. A more detailed outline of the Construction Coordinator's responsibilities follows:
• Staffs key positions for Construction Department -- General Foreman, Head Painter, Chief Sculptor, Labor Foreman, Toolman, Greensman, Plasterer -- and oversees all work.
• Estimates set construction costs and tracks production costs throughout the project.
• Finds appropriate building materials.
• Pulls any needed stock scenery (usually in the case of 1/2 hour and episodic television).
• Tends to crew safety concerns, and sees that the safety meetings are scheduled. Verifies that tools are in safe working order, and aren't missing safety guards. Arranges for standby medics and first-aid personnel as mandated by safety rules.
• Makes on-set decisions regarding craft responsibilities within the Construction Department.
• Acquires from Accounting a list of proper tracking numbers for time cards, purchase orders, and any other budgetary expenditures which the Accounting Department must follow during the course of production (sometimes referred to as S.T.N.'s -- "studio tracking numbers"). In television, the proper numbers are essential, as a Coordinator may be purchasing items and signing time cards for multiple shows during the same period -- each episode has its own set of tracking numbers.
• Oversees and signs all purchase orders, timecards, check requests and other paperwork related to the Construction Department.
• Researches and finds needed items as requested by the Production Designer.
• Supplies tools and scenery, as needed.
• Ensures overall quality of finished product.
STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS. It is particularly difficult to state any broad generalities for staffing considerations that a Construction Coordinator may follow. A few words might be spent on the issue of "Features vs Television vs Commercials." The staffing requirements are different inasmuch as the Construction Coordinator working in television generally has a smaller budget and far less time to build than when he or she is working in features -- one television veteran notes that "it feels like we're shooting an entire feature in seven days." Commercials may be shot at an even faster pace. To that extent, Coordinators may add additional crew to fast-track the construction requirements.
DEPARTMENTAL INTERACTION. The Construction Coordinator maintains regular communication with a number of departments. Discussion areas may include the following:
(listed in alphabetical order)
Accounting. To receive proper tracking numbers, or STN's (see "Responsibilities").
Art Director/Production Designer. To confer on all aspects of the building of the sets: plans, stages, locations and personnel.
Gaffer. To discuss needs such as when set will be available for lighting.
Key Grip. To schedule needed work crews.
Producers. For a conceptual budgeting meeting to learn the time frame for prep, shoot, and wrap.
Property Master. For budgeting and scheduling, as well as for painting, building/fabricating any required props.
Set Decorator. To discuss when set will be available for dressing.
Special Effects. For budgeting and scheduling, as well as building and painting needs.
Studio Administrators. To receive approval to proceed with any construction activity which directly affects the studio infrastructure.
Studio Hospital. To verify that medics are in place for the production.
Transportation. For vehicle requirements for the show.
Unit Production Manager. For smooth coordination of scheduling work and shooting teams.
QUALIFICATIONS. A Construction Coordinator is recognized by Local 44 in one of two ways:
(1) Through advancement from within the Union:
• Candidate must have performed skills equivalent to a Construction Coordinator as a Construction Foreman or "Formanator" or Foreman Propmaker for 2 years with at least 100 qualified days per year with IATSE signator employers; and
• He or she must pass a test administered by Contract Services Administration Trust Fund (CSATF), which consists of written and practical sections which include a script breakdown and budget examination; and
• The member then pays the adjusted balance now due for initiation fees and quarterly dues (since fees and dues increase in proportion to one's job).
-OR-
(2) Through the union organizing process:
• A non -union candidate is recognized by CSATF as having worked for 30 qualified days as a Construction Coordinator on a show which has been organized by the Union; and
• He or she passes a test administered by CSATF, pays all required initiation fees and dues, and is sworn in by Local 44 as a member.
MINIMUM PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS. Because each show provides new and unique challenges, even for industry veterans, a Construction Coordinator must be particularly adept under pressure and possess a wide range of skills, including the following:
• An ability to read blueprints.
• Has access to materials resources and catalogues -- knowledge of where to go to obtain any required building materials.
• Knowledge of construction techniques
• Good understanding of the related Unions' regulations.
• An ability to appropriately adjust construction costs (by building techniques, selection of materials, etc.) to fulfill the defined limits of a show's particular budget.
• A talent for building consensus, as the Construction Coordinator works to satisfy the respective needs of both the Production Manager and the Production Designer.
• Mathematical skills.
• Organization skills.
• Spontaneity.
• Intuition.
• Innovation.
• Experience.
• Leadership qualities, and ability to appropriately delegate responsibilities.
• Computer skills are helpful, if not essential.
ETIQUETTE FOR CONSTRUCTION COORDINATORS. The Construction Coordinator should:
• Initiate conversations with various departments about their respective scheduling requirements.
• Find ways of scheduling work duties which might be of mutual benefit and convenience to separate departments, such as erecting the greenbeds (or scaffolding) before the set is built, if this is acceptable to the Lighting Department.
• Ensure that the Producers and Production Manager are kept up to date on production events.
PROPERTY
A veteran member once defined Property accordingly, "Anything on the set that isn't nailed down -- other than the actors -- is Property." His definition points to the fact that the skilled Property members in Local 44 actually work within several specialized classifications which literally "cover" a wide area: Property, Upholstery\Drapery, Carpeting/Floor Covering, and Greens.
PROPERTY PERSONNEL
Set Decorators, Property Masters and Prophouses staff their crew with "Property" persons.
(1) Property Personnel on Set Decorator's Crew
While the Set Decorator is a specific craft distinction (see "Set Decorator" section for a complete discussion of this craft), the Set Decoration staff includes the Lead Person and Set Dressers, who are all Property personnel.
Once the physical walls of the set are constructed or the location has been chosen, the Set Decorator is responsible for bringing in the surroundings and objects known as "set dressing" -- furniture, rugs, lighting fixtures and the like -- which contribute to telling the story and support the vision of the Production Designer, Writer, Director and Producer. The Lead Person and Set Dressers in turn support the vision of the Set Decorator.
Lead Person/Property (contractually classified as "Gang Boss"). Assistant to the Set Decorator, responsible for logistics and personnel
• Arranges logistics of staffing the Set Dressing crew.
• Maintains the allocation of manpower (generally referred to as "man days").
• Handles call times, and notifies crew members where to report.
• Ensures that the Set Dressing crew is provided with location parking.
• Arranges meals for set dressing crew in an appropriately-timed fashion (to avoid meal penalties).
• Collects and submits time cards for processing. Sometimes responsible for initially approving them.
• Rents a "Box" or "Kit" which contains moving equipment, tools and other supplies required by set dressing crew.
• Coordinates pickup, warehousing and return of all set dressing (Note: Set Dressing must not be transported in personal vehicles).
• Manages paperwork for pickups and returns.
• Handles Tagging System. As the Set Decorator chooses furnishings in prop houses, the Lead Person places "Hold" tags on the items which state pickup date and set location. (Important: As shoot dates change, a crucial function of the Lead Person is to change pick-up dates so that the prop house items aren't released back into available stock and potentially rented to another production).
• Works with accounting to arrange for purchase orders and check requests.
• Manages petty cash.
• Assists with coordination of the time necessary for prep, dress and wrap for the sets on location.
• Coordinates with transportation the number and type of needed vehicles and crew for required tasks. Also orders special transportation equipment for Set Dressing Department, such as Condors and forklifts.
• Coordinates with Gaffer and Set Lighting Department on rigging of set dressing practical fixtures.
Set Dressers/Property (also known as "Swing Gang"). Responsible for the physical pickup of items and dressing in of sets under the supervision of the Set Decorator.
• Pick up set dressing items from prop houses.
• Unwrap props and place in organized fashion off-set.
• "Rough-in" furniture and items into place, based on sketches or directions from Set Decorator.
• Execute more detailed placement instructions upon Set Decorator's arrival to set.
Set Dresser Assigned to the Set. The Set Dresser Assigned to the Set represents the Set Decorator during actual shooting once the Set Decorator leaves the set.
• Works under the supervision of the Property Master during actual shooting, and represents the Set Decoration Department on set.
• Verifies that reference photos have been taken for redressing the set, if necessary.
• Ensures that items are redressed in their proper places if set dressing items have to be struck for any reason.
• Notifies Lead Person if there is a change in schedule, or if shooting on a particular set hasn't been completed.
• Protects the set and covers necessary items. Works with the Assistant Director to protect against accidents by preventing eating and drinking on any set.
• Places "Hot Set" signs on a set in progress so set dressing is not moved, which otherwise might disturb the continuity of the scene.
• Locks up valuable pieces once shooting for the day has wrapped.
(2) Property Personnel on Property Master's Crew
As with Set Decorators, Property Masters are considered a distinct craft (See "Property Master" Section), but their crews are staffed with Property personnel. Property Masters are responsible for the design, selection, acquisition, placement and disposal of all Props required for a specific motion picture, television show or commercial production.
Assistant Property Master. Carries out duties assigned by the Property Master. Duties may include any combination of the following and more, as mandated by the production requirements:
• Assists in obtaining and returning Props.
• Helps to ensure Prop continuity during shooting.
• Maintains condition and security of Props.
• Arrives with minimum Property Tool List (see below)
Property Assistants. The Property Master may staff additional Property Persons to provide needed support in the Property Master's Department.
(3) Property Personnel at Prophouses
The Prophouse member is often the direct conduit between a Set Decorator or Property Master and the needs of these busy department heads. If the right property is found but alterations are needed (for example, a chair needs to be reupholstered in a completely different fabric to match a specific set), he or she is able to make arrangements with appropriate personnel. Crew members should have extensive knowedge of period, contemporary and futuristic pieces.
Another great challenge for any Prophouse member is keeping up with an ever-expanding inventory. At most studios, as productions wrap, purchased or manufactured props are sent to the studio Prophouse. Many houses have turned to bar-coding to keep track of the plethora of props.
Prophouse Worker. The duties of a Property member working in a Prophouse are as follows:
• Assists Set Decorators and Property Masters in finding needed set dressing and props.
• Maintains Prophouse inventory.
• Inspects returned props for damage.
• Handles all paperwork during the performance of the above duties.
• Arrives with minimum Property Tool List (see below).
PROPERTY TOOL LIST is as follows:
• 12 Oz. Claw Hammer
• Side Cutter
• Pliers
• Screwdriver
• 6-8" Adjustable Wrench
• Tape measure
Tool boxes require proper identification: "(Name)" and "Property Craftsperson - Local 44"
UPHOLSTERY/DRAPERY
These talented Property craftspersons handle all upholstery and drapery requirements for production needs as well as for studio facility work. In production, Upholsterer/Drapers will be called upon to create anything from 19th Century lace curtains to modern Venetian blinds, to reupholstering an antique couch with period fabric or repairing tuck-and-roll naugahyde car seats. The work often extends beyond the traditional definition if special items are needed.
Department members will go from working on a production shoot one day to upholstering a chair in an executive's office the next.
Upholstery/Drapery Person. Responsibilities may include any of the following:
• Assembles all hardware and materials and fabricates window dressings to specifications of Set Decorator.
• Installs, strikes and stores all draperies and drapery effects.
• Measures material in bulk or bolt to completed product, which includes all covering, slip covering, recovering and repair of all furniture and accessories lined with fabrics, cloth, leather, leatherette and drapery and/or upholstery (including benches/built-in units, beach chairs, swings, baggage or luggage, caskets, cushions, pillows, pads, umbrellas).
• Responsible for upholstery/drapery of vehicles of any kind (including aircrafts, automobiles, boats, railroad coaches, buses). Selects materials and upholsters required items to specifications of Set Decorator.
• Works in studio support buildings as needed to install or repair draperies and upholstery.
• Arrives on set with necessary tool list (See Below).
UPHOLSTERY/DRAPERY TOOL LIST is as follows:
• Tack Hammers
• Side Cutters
• Pliers
• Cordless Screw Driver
• Awl
• 12' Tape or Longer
• Chalk Line
• Scissors or Shears
Tool boxes require proper identification: "(Name)" and "Property Craftsperson - Local 44"
Property Sewing Person. Assists in Drapery/Upholstery departments with all tasks requiring sewing. Sewing persons:
• Measure, cut, prepare, sew, embroider, applique, construct, handle and repair all draperies and drapery effects.
Draperies and Drapery Effects. May include awnings/canopies, canvas appertaining to draping, cellophane, portieres, shades, curtains, tapestries, wall hanging, banners, pennants flags, bunting, fabrics and wall coverings. Sewing persons are also responsible for fabricating ship sails.
PROPERTY SEWING PERSON TOOL LIST is as follows:
• Shears
• Small Cutters - Nippers
• Ruler - 6" - 12" - 18"
• Tape Line Rule
• Thimbles
Tool boxes require proper identification: "(Name)" and "Property Craftsperson - Local 44"
CARPETING/FLOOR COVERING
The Carpeting/Floor Covering persons literally "ground" the show in reality with the appropriate materials required by production -- anything from the installation of industrial carpeting to the manufacture of exquisite Oriental rugs. These specific Property members also work in non-ceramic tile and sheet vinyl.
In production, the goal is to install the selected floor covering so that it is able to withstand the expected abuse of foot traffic and camera dollies and cable -- yet the floor covering must be installed in such a manner that it can be struck fairly easily when the shoot wraps.
The permanent studio floor-covering work --for executive offices, the commissary, and such -- requires greater precision of measurements and more refined techniques for lasting installation. As a result, this type of work goes to persons who possess the skill and experience to handle the job.
Carpeting/Floor Covering Responsibilities. Responsibilities include the following:
• Arrives on set with all necessary tools for the job at hand.
• Installs floor covering for production.
• Strikes floor covering after shoot wraps.
• Execute work orders for permanent studio floor-covering applications.
GREENS
Greens crews, led by the knowledgeable Greens Foreman, dress the production sets with appropriate plants, whether real or synthetic. Real plants may include anything from a 100 acre field to a delicate African Violet.
Sometimes Greens are used to subtly enhance the look of the show: potted flowers on a table, or a rose bush in front of a location home. Other times, as with jungle-themed shows, Greens become one of the most important and pervasive facets of the show.
Skilled Greens members work with a variety of real and fake plants. The real plants can pose a challenge when Greens crews are working with several different kinds of plants at once -- all of which require different methods of maintenance that range from constant watering to occasional sunlight (thereby requiring periodic removal from the darkened sound stages).
Many Greens people work with silk plants. Their work can be so detailed and realistic that it is virtually impossible to distinguish whether the plants are real or not.
Greens Foreman. Supervises and staffs the Greens Department:
• Orders needed plants.
• Ensures plant upkeep, watering, pruning, etc.
• Purchases silk plants.
• Acquires "backing (netting covered with plants)."
• Makes tree bases.
• Consults with the Construction Coordinator regarding the topiary underframe.
• Handles assigned studio maintenance responsibilities, such as maintaining a backlot street of homes with front yards, plants and gardens (NOTE: The general distinction is that the Greens Department maintains any permanent plants installed as part of a production during the course of shooting -- once the crew permanently strikes the exterior location, the responsibility for upkeep reverts back to the studio).
• Rotates plants in and out of the set as necessary.
• Strikes set with the help of Greenspersons.
Standby Greensperson. Acts as the on set representative to the Greens Department during shooting:
• Rotates plants in and out as necessary.
• Places plants as needed to camouflage lighting and production equipment.
Greens Person. Follows the orders of the Greens Foreman:
• Sets up, and temporarily plants all greens as required by production.
• Rotates plants which need special attention, such as light, into and out of the shooting set.
• Tends to plant watering and fertilizing during production.
GREENS TOOL LIST is as follows:
• Hand Pruners
• Nail Apron or Pouch
• 16 Oz. Claw Hammer
• 7" Side Cutter
• 5 Pt. Hand Saw
• 10' Tape
Tool boxes require proper identification: "(Name)" and "Property Craftsperson - Local 44"
DEPARTMENTAL INTERACTION. Since the Property department covers such a broad base of operations, they interact with the entire crew on a regular and varied basis. Specific crew interactions should be sought out in the other craft sections within which Property members work.
QUALIFICATIONS. A Property member is recognized by Local 44 according to classification. Recognition under the Property Craft umbrella, takes one of two forms--
(1) Traditional entry:
• Candidate accrues 30 work days with one or more than one IATSE signator company within the last 365 days as a Property Person, Property Sewing Person, Upholsterer/Draper, Floor Coverer or Greensperson (Note: It is possible to qualify for multiple classifications) ; and
• Candidate pays the required initiation fees and dues, and is sworn in by Local 44 as a member.
-OR-
(2) As a result of the Union organizing process:
• A non- union candidate is recognized by Contract Services Administration Trust Fund (CSATF) as having worked for 30 qualified days under any of the previously listed classifications in the Property department on a show which is has been organized by the Union; and
• He or she pays the required initiation fees and dues, and is sworn in by Local 44 as a member.
LICENSING. The Contract Services "Aerial License" for Condor Operations is strongly recommended (see "Contract Services - Industry Passport") and all necessary Firearms permits are essential for work in these specific areas.
MINIMUM PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS. Because Property is actually a group of specializations, generic standards apply:
• An appreciation of the Property Craft's tradition and all that it entails -- if you don't know, ask a veteran.
• An understanding of all the Craft Departments under which one might be called to work.
• Initiative to seek out and learn skills from senior members who are able to pass on the various crafts.
• A lifelong interest in the education and refinement of one's craft.
• Adaptability.
• A sense of pride in one's work.
PROPMAKERS
Propmakers are the core personnel of virtually all studio construction, either on the lot or on location. They can be found swinging hammers, welding metal, using nail guns, cutting with saws and torches. They build anywhere -- underwater or in a tunnel, suspended from a telephone pole or atop an office building -- from the low seas to the high skies, and everywhere in between.
These versatile craftsmen handle everything from larger construction tasks to the finer details of carpentry, working with such varied materials as wood, glass, rubber, plastic, metal, leather, formica -- name it, and they build with it.
Unless the job calls for a member of another specific craft within the construction area -- such as painting, plumbing, plastering or masonry -- it is probably a Propmaker who is wielding the tools.
Propmakers may also participate -- usually under the studio maintenance department -- in permanent construction, maintenance and repair of the studio infrastructure.
CREW RESPONSIBILITIES. Propmakers' duties vary depending upon the job. They are asked to execute an aspect of the blueprint (whether it is to build a structure, or add a facade to an existing structure) or even to make a repair.
Traditionally the Construction Coordinator confers with the General Construction Foreman on the tasks which need to be completed (See "Construction Coordinator" section for more details on this important job).
General Construction Foreman. Takes direction from the Construction Coordinator and executes the Coordinator's orders. The General Foreman's responsibilities may include:
• Delegating job responsibilities to the appropriate parties.
• Giving orders to Sub Foremen.
• Reviewing the requirements of the shooting schedule.
• Overseeing construction after on-site conference with the Construction Coordinator and Production Designer, including initial construction of the production offices, or "goldrooms," for the various on-set departments.
Sub Foremen. Assigned to specific shop responsibilities -- there could be a Mill Foreman for any mill work, a Stage Foreman for onstage construction and assembly, and a Locations Foreman who oversees each location. Each of these foremen sets up shop and oversees production requirements specific to his/her position within the overall production. Their responsibilities may include:
• Ensuring that work is performed on schedule at specific station.
• Handling crew sheets.
• Ordering materials.
• Building sets within budget.
Gang Bosses. Assigned to each of the Sub Foremen. Gang Bosses are usually the more experienced members who relay and implement the instructions of the foremen to the members of the crew. A Gang Boss:
• Builds sets alongside Journeymen.
• Serves as a source of information and advice to Journeymen.
Journeymen Propmakers. Execute whatever building instructions they are given regarding the job assigned to them. The Propmakers:
• Arrive with minimum tool list as required in contract (see "Tool List" below)
• Should be on time, and ready to begin work at designated work call (The contracts in no way allow for or protect any tardiness).
TOOL LIST. Journeymen must report to work with a complete set of tools as outlined in Exhibit "B" in the Black Book:
• 16 oz. Claw Hammer
• 25' or 30' Measuring Tape
• 100' Measuring Tape
• 12" Combination Square
• Framing Square
• Bevel Square
• 8 pt. Hand Saw
• 12 pt. Hand Saw
• Back Saw
• Key Hole Saw
• 1/4" - 1/2" - 3/4" - 1" Wood Chisels
• Cold Chisel
• Box Plane
• Hand Axe
• Two Chalk Boxes
• Dry Line
• Line Level
• 24" or 30" Level
• Compass
• Angle Dividers
• 24" or 30" Wrecking Bar
• 10" Vise Grip Pliers
• Pliers
• Diagonal Cutters
• Straight-head and Phillips-head Screwdrivers
• 10" Crescent Wrench
• Nail Sets - Various Sizes
• Wood Files - Various Types and Sizes
• Sharpening Stone
• Tool Belt
• Assorted Pencils and Marking Crayons
• Plumb Bob
• Utility Knife and Blades
• Gloves
• Cordless Drill
• Large Ratcheting Screwdriver (Yankee)
• Tool Box (with proper identification: "(Name)" and "Property Craftsperson - Local 44" )
SPECIAL NOTE ON TOOLS: Propmakers should be familiar with the rules governing supply of personal equipment and tool storage on page 59, section 63 of the Standard Agreement ("Black Book").
STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS. Propmakers are staffed as needed, with the understanding that every construction site should have a Foreman. In some instances, the General Foreman may also serve as a Stage Foreman -- usually on the largest stage -- in addition to overseeing the other stages or construction sites.
DEPARTMENTAL INTERACTION. As television and filmmaking is a collaborative process, communication between departments is necessary. In the interest of maintaining a good working environment, Propmakers handle a broad variety of construction-related requests from other departments -- they are available for any assistance required within their area of expertise. Propmaker Foremen may confer with the following departments:
(listed in alphabetical order)
• Art Department
• Electrical Fixtures Department
• Floorlayers
• Greenspersons
• Locations Manager
• Paint Department
• Plumbing
• Property Master
• Set Decorators
• Staff Shop
• Special Effects
QUALIFICATIONS. A Propmaker is recognized by Local 44 in one of two ways --
(1) Through traditional entry:
• Candidate works 30 days with one or more than one IATSE signator company within the last 365 days; and
• Candidate pays the required initation fees and dues, and is sworn in by Local 44 as a member.
- OR -
(2) Through the union organizing process:
• A non- union candidate is recognized by CSATF as having worked for 30 qualified days as a Propmaker on a show which has been organized by IATSE; and
• He or she pays the required initiation fees and dues, and is sworn in by Local 44 as a member.
Licensing. Certifications are encouraged for any type of specialty. Aerial Licenses (to operate Condors and Scissor-lifts), Powder-actuated Tool Licenses (e.g., "Hilti Guns"), Certifications in Welding, and Scuba Certificates are all helpful -- and often necessary depending upon the demands of the job at hand.
MINIMUM PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS. The skills of the Propmaker are directly drawn from the outside practical world. In filmmaking, only the variety of requests is different. A review of what is expected of Journeymen reveals a simple, common-sense approach to the work:
• A willingness to give the best of one's talents for a fair day's pay.
• A familiarity with tools.
• In possession of all tools on "tool list" when reporting to the set.
• An ability to read blueprints.
• Basics of carpentry, and an understanding of technical terms.
• A desire to self-educate, and a predilection for taking the initiative when desirable.
• A positive attitude.
• Public relations skills -- with employers, bosses, colleagues and particularly with the public when out on location.
• Development of specific skills which will ultimately make one more employable as a Propmaker in any of the following areas:
-Furniture Repair
-Locksmithing
-Hardware
-Cabinetry
-Plastics (Bondo, Vacuform)
-Rubber & Formica
-Wood (any kind for any purpose)
-Metal Shop Work
-Welding
-Glass Cutting & Installation
-Power Tool Use & Repair
-Saw & Tool Sharpening
-Powder-Actuated Tool Use & Repair
-Set Lay-out
-Aerial Lifts
-Aerial Safety/High work
-Ability to work above/below land and water
In general, any additional specialized knowledge which one can acquire will ultimately prove of value to the Propmaker.
ETIQUETTE FOR PROPMAKERS. As a Propmaker, you should:
• Treat others as you would wish to be treated yourself.
• Remember that location shooting depends upon good relations with the public. To that extent, "The customer is always right." If, for instance, the work call to a location house is set for 6:00 a.m., and the house owner arrives at the door insisting that he or she was told 9:00 a.m., the best course of action would be to apologize, withdraw and contact the Construction Coordinator or General Foreman for further instructions.
• Avoid negative statements -- in all cases, make every effort to satisfy whatever requests have been made by Production.
SAFETY. It is important for members to speak up on matters of safety. Any concerns or unsafe working conditions should be taken to the immediate supervisor or the union steward. Sometimes for instance, Propmakers are working alongside painters in a poorly-ventilated area. It is not part of the Propmaker's job responsibility to be exposed to hazardous fumes -- masks and safety equipment should be provided as required by the work environment. Journeymen should always feel free to alert the Shop Foreman about safety concerns without fears of reprisal -- unsafe working conditions were one of the main issues that inspired IATSE to form in the first place (for more specifics on the important subject of safety, see the "Safety" section).
PROPERTY MASTER
The Property Master is responsible for the design, selection, acquisition, placement and disposal of all Props required for a specific motion picture, television show or commercial production. Once the camera has rolled, the Property Master maintains the integrity of the set, with the intention of making the set function as efficiently as possible.
Definition of Prop. The term "Prop" can be defined as "anything which moves" or "anything which an actor handles." Props may be personal items associated with a character such as eyeglasses, a wristwatch, a cigarette lighter. They may be items an actor uses -- cell phones, hair dryers, firearms.
Items specifically identified in the script or by the Director are considered Props -- a newspaper clipping, a coffee grinder, a framed photograph, a handwritten note. Items not so identified can also be props, such as: live animals, weapons and ammunition, military combat equipment, saddle and tack, an artist's work-in-progress, tobacco products, food depicted as eaten, boutonnieres, bouquets and breakaways.
Automobile detailing such as license plates, antennae and light bars on police cars, and signs on the sides of delivery trucks are Props. When working outside the jurisdiction of Teamsters Transportation Local 399, acquisition of the vehicles themselves falls under the responsibilities of the Prop Master.
Other forms of transportation such as bicycles, small pleasure craft, wagons and stagecoaches are the responsibility of the Property Master.
Dummies used for stunts are also acquired by the Property Master.
Prop -vs- Set Dressing Item. The difference between a "Prop" and a piece of "Set Dressing" is an important distinction because the Property Master and the Set Decorator wish to respect each other's particular responsibilities.
However at times, an item which began as Set Dressing may turn into a Prop during the course of production. For example, the Set Decorator places a vase on a table. The Director, in a sudden flash of inspiration, says, "Scarlett, why don't you pick up that vase and hurl it against the wall?" It is now up to the Property Master to find or have manufactured duplicate breakaway vases to be thrown while shooting that scene.
In a less extreme example, an Actor might elect to handle a piece of Set Dressing in the midst of shooting a sequence, thus turning it into a Principal Prop. At that point, the Property Master is responsible for the item as long as it may be needed throughout production. It is up to him or her to make arrangements with the Set Decorator for the item's safe return.
Prop -vs- Wardrobe Item. A distinction exists between "Props" and "Wardrobe." Traditionally, the Wardrobe Department is responsible for supplying jewelry (earrings, brooches, necklaces) to the Female Principal Actors. If, however, the jewelry is an integral part of the plot, the Property Master is expected to supply that jewelry. The Property Master usually supplies all jewelry for the Male Principal Actors, as well. Watches and eyeglasses (including tinting and special coatings) are the Property Master's responsibility.
PROPERTY MASTER'S RESPONSIBILITIES. It has been said that the Property Master is the one craftsperson who isn't allowed to say, "It's not my job." While it is important to delineate production responsibilities, duties of the Property Master and his/her crew vary from project to project.
The Property Master upervises and staffs the Property Master Department. Responsible for the purchase, design, manufacture, and acquisition of all Props as indicated in the script, according to production demands, and in consultation with the Director and others.
• Breaks down script to determine which Props are needed.
• Determines a budget for those Props.
• Obtains Props by purchasing, renting, manufacturing and promoting (obtaining products directly from companies or through Product Placement Companies at no expense to the Production with the understanding that the product will be given favorable exposure).
• Oversees the placing and handling of the Props, documenting Prop continuity throughout filming.
• Instructs Actors on the correct and safe use of Props.
• Maintains a safe and secure environment when using firearms as Props, controlling weapons and their blank ammunition at all times (See "Safety Bulletin #1" included at the end of this section)
• Supplies safety equipment such as face and ear protection for hazardous situations.
• Returns or disposes of Props during and after production. Rented and promoted items are returned as soon as it is felt that the items are no longer needed. Purchased and manufactured items must be inventoried and boxed up at the end of filming to be warehoused or sold at the Producer's discretion.
• Prepares Cue Cards when needed.
• Oversees the acquisition of chairs for Director and Cast as required by the Producer.
• Possesses and maintains the appropriate tools and equipment necessary to facilitate in the performance of the above duties.
CREW RESPONSIBILITIES
Assistant Property Master. Carries out duties assigned by the Property Master. The position may be assigned to a member qualified as a Property Master or Property Person. Duties may include any combination of the following and more, as mandated by the production requirements:
• Assists in obtaining and returning Props.
• Helps to ensure Prop continuity during shooting.
• Maintains condition and security of Props.
Additional Staff. The Property Master may arrange for Property Persons to provide needed support in the Propmaster Department.
Occasionally, "Technical Advisors" are requested by Property Masters to assist with production. Since Property Masters are expected to instruct the Actor on the correct use of a Prop, they will use experts in any instance where a Prop falls outside of the Property Master's areas of expertise. The list is endless, but common examples include: Animal Handlers, Food Stylists, Bartenders, Mechanics (outside of Teamster 399 jurisdiction), Weapons Specialists, Computer Technicians, Medical Technicians, Law Enforcement and Military Advisors.
STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS. Requirements vary from production to production. Some more common scenarios are as follows:
• On large-scale productions, each shooting unit will be assigned a Property Master with one or more Assistant Property Masters. All Property Masters of additional units will maintain the continuity set by the Master on the First or Principal Photography Unit.
• Episodic television shows may staff a "Supervising" Property Master who directs separate Property Masters assigned to each episode.
DEPARTMENTAL INTERACTION. As television and filmmaking is a collaborative process, communication between departments is necessary. In the interest of maintaining a good working environment, a Property Master will generally confer with some or all of the following departments as well as others:
(listed in alphabetical order)
Art Director/Production Designer. To discuss the overall design concept for the project in order to select the appropriate Props.
Construction Coordinator. For special construction needs. For example, an Actor may need to feed a Prop key into a deadbolt to unlock a door -- the Construction Coordinator would need to know that the deadbolt must be functional, rather than simply a facade on the door.
Director. To clarify Director's needs in order to best support the Director's vision of the production.
Director of Photography. To discuss colors and practical lighting props (flashlights, flashbulbs, headlights, lights on electronic devices, et cetera) and their appropriateness.
Lighting Department. For technical discussions on how the use of any Props which supply their own lighting will be incorporated into the lighting plan. For any on-set electrical requirements which the Props may have.
Make-up. When blood is involved, or when the Actor uses an item of make-up -- such as lipstick, nail polish, or eyeliner -- as a Prop.
Production. For numbers of extras that need to be supplied with props, and for any details which would affect proper planning, scheduling and budgeting, or legal clearances.
Script Supervisor. To help maintain continuity for Props.
Set Decoration. To maintain integrity of the set as established by the Set Decorator. They discuss beforehand any special activities which might cause budgeting concerns, such as stunts and effects which might cause breakage of Props and Set Dressing. In the event that the Property Master and Set Decorator need to employ technical experts, as in the case of a medical show, they may share the services of the same experts in order to save money. Additionally, Property Masters must take responsibility for Set Dressing items which become Props during the course of shooting.
Special Effects. To build hand Props including rubber or breakaway and electronic action Props. To coordinate functional telephones they must operate.
Stunt Coordinator. To aid in obtaining stunt pads, boxes and other needs.
Transportation. To coordinate the number and dressing of picture cars.
Wardrobe. To ensure that personal Props, such as eyeglasses, purses, wristwatches, and jewelry, are coordinated with the clothing. For special wardrobe requirements which might be necessary to accommodate Props (a concealed weapon or other bulky Prop). To alert them to a possible need for multiple wardrobe items: if the Actor must eat messy food, will spill a drink, or is involved in a fight.
QUALIFICATIONS. A Property Master is recognized by Local 44 in one of two ways:
(1) Through traditional advancement from within the Union:
• A Property Person must have logged 2,500 work hours with IATSE signator employers as an Assistant Property Master as required by Contract Services Administration Trust Fund (CSATF); and
• He or she must pass a CSATF test which consists of a script breakdown and budgeting exercise; and
• The member must pay an adjusted balance now due for initiation fees and quarterly dues (since fees and dues increase as one's pay rate increases under the Standard Agreement).
- OR -
(2) Through the union organizing process:
• A non -union candidate is recognized by CSATF as having worked for 30 qualified days as a Property Master on a show which has been organized by IATSE; and
• He or she pays all required initiation fees and dues, and is sworn in by Local 44 as a member.
Licensing. While not required to possess licenses per se, Property Masters will need to have or arrange for an assistant who has necessary licenses for handling conventional firearms as well as those for short barrel shotguns and assault weapons. Scuba certification is necessary for underwater work.
MINIMUM PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS. In the interest of maintaining the high standards set by earlier generations of studio workers, a Property Master should possess and develop the following:
• Property resources -- a knowledge of where to go to obtain any style of Prop (period, contemporary, futuristic/fantasy), including a working knowledge of Prop Rental Facilities.
• Manufacturing resources, for replication of existing Props, and creation of imaginative or unavailable Props.
• Basic knowledge of the responsibilities of other department heads.
• Good rapport with Law Enforcement for information and advice on firearm and other equipment use, and in instances where Props are considered contraband.
• Ability to improvise and the initiative to handle any last-minute requests from the Director or needs required by Production.
• Competence in research skills.
• Communications skills with Director, Actors, and other Department Heads to establish needs.
• Accountability for large sums of money.
• Tactful diplomacy as he or she is in direct communication with sensitive artists and creators, as well as with a variety of personalities.
• Working knowledge of how colors will photograph, and how camera lenses will affect an image.
ETIQUETTE FOR PROPERTY MASTERS. The Property Master should:
• Alert Set Decorator or Lead Person as to what has been accomplished during the day's shooting and what is expected at the next call.
• Disseminate useful information to various departments. Often the Property Master learns of upcoming changes before other department heads do. By passing on this information, the Property Master gives the other departments an opportunity to anticipate and prepare for any possible changes.
• Investigate potential allergies Actors might have to specific Props -- food, perfume, cigarettes, smoke -- and seek out alternatives.
• Consider using computer software compatible with that of the Unit Production Manager and Assistant Director so as to make communication easier.
• Learn and respect the needs and jurisdictions of other departments.
PRODUCTION BREAKDOWN CHARTS. No specific format exists for breaking down a shooting script into the requirements of the Property Department. A variety of methods are helpful:
• Identify and list all required Props;
• List Props according to character;
• List Props according to scene;
• List Props according to set location;
• Break down Prop lists into time needs (How long will a Prop be needed over the course of shooting? When may the Prop be rented and when should it be returned?).
SET DECORATION
The Set Decorator is the Department Head responsible for the design, selection, budgeting, acquisition and placement for all Set Dressing items. The Set Decorator also supervises and staffs the Set Decoration Department. Once the sets are built and painted, or a location is chosen, the Set Decorator decorates the sets by selecting the objects known as "set dressing" -- which contribute to telling the story and support the vision of the Producer, Director, Writer, and Production Designer.
Set dressing can be defined as the surroundings that are a part of everyday life, filling and defining the shooting space. In everyday life, a given room may contain furniture, throw rugs, lighting fixtures, plants, perhaps clutter on the floor, unopened bills on the table, a torn curtain on the window -- physical items which might give one specific impressions about the person who inhabits this room: personal tastes, nuances of character, an indication of time or period. If reproduced in detail on a film set, all of these items would be considered set dressing, and would require the expertise of a Set Decorator.
SET DECORATOR'S RESPONSIBILITIES. The Set Decorator supervises and staffs the Set Decoration Department with Property Personnel (see "Property" craft section):
• During prep, is among the first of the key department heads to be hired to establish set dressing concepts through conversations with Producer, Director, Production Designer/Art Director. Creates presentation boards with set dressing concepts and personally represents these ideas in all meetings.
• Obtains blueprints and/or sketches from the Art Department.
• Breaks down the script in terms of visual set dressing items, and crew requirements.
• Creates and tracks a Set Decoration Department budget throughout the production.
• Acquires from accounting, for the purpose of budgeting, the following list of proper tracking numbers: purchase orders, work authorizations, set numbers, television episodic numbers.
• Supervises all petty cash for the Set Decoration Department
• Staffs a permanent crew that may be added upon daily, depending on the scope and needs of the show.
• Supervises and staffs all Drapery persons for the given show, and may oversee additional Property people specializing in Floor covering, Upholstery, Electrical Fixtures and Floral needs.
• Scouts all locations/ attends "tech scout" -- a location scout where all department heads are present with Director and Producer.
• Attends "production meetings" -- meetings held to review entire script page by page with the Director, Producer and all department heads to review overall interdepartmental questions and what the Director expects for each scene.
• Selects, acquires and oversees manufacturing and installation of Set Dressing.
• Responsible for the placement and dressing of all sets.
• Creates a carefully dressed set, with many "coats" of the lives of the characters who "inhabit" that set -- down to personal items on a desktop or night table, cigarette butts in an ashtray, or a cartoon taped to the side of a cash register in a restaurant set, etc.
• Maintains an enormous source library needed for local and distant locations.
• Reviews daily the requirements of the shooting schedule.
• Is ultimately responsible to the production company during the wrap for supervising the Set Dressing strike and the return of all set dressing items and petty cash.
• Notifies Production Manager of overages, loss and damage.
SET DRESSING CREW RESPONSIBILITIES
Lead Person (contractually classified as "Gang Boss"). Assistant to the Set Decorator, responsible for logistics and personnel
• Arranges logistics for the Set Dressing crew.
• Maintains the allocation of manpower (generally referred to as "man days").
• Handles call times, and notifies crew members where to report.
• Ensures that the Set Dressing crew is provided with location parking.
• Arranges meals for set dressing crew in an appropriately-timed fashion (to avoid meal penalties).
• Collects and submits time cards for processing. Sometimes responsible for initially approving them.
• Sets up a "goldroom" (office to store valuables).
• Rents a "Box" or "Kit" which contains moving equipment, tools and other supplies required by set dressing crew.
• Coordinates pickup, warehousing and return of all set dressing (NOTE: Set Dressing must not be transported in personal vehicles).
• Manages paperwork for pickups and returns.
• Obtains purchase orders for any loss or damage items.
• Handles Tagging System. As the Set Decorator chooses furnishings in prop houses, the Lead Person places "Hold" tags on the items which state the Set Decorator's name, show, set, pick-up date and phone number/pager. (Important: As shoot dates change, a crucial function of the Lead Person is to change pick-up dates so that the prophouse items are not released back into available stock and potentially rented to another production).
• Works with accounting to arrange for purchase orders, work authorizations and check requests.
• Manages petty cash.
• Assists with coordination of the time necessary for prep, dress and wrap for the sets on location.
• Coordinates with transportation the number and type of needed vehicles and crew for required tasks. Also orders special transportation equipment for Set Dressing Department, such as Condors and forklifts.
• Coordinates with Gaffer and Set Lighting Department on rigging of set dressing practical fixtures.
Set Dressers (Property Persons, also known as "Swing Gang"). Responsible for the physical pickup of items and dressing in of sets under the supervision of the Set Decorator.
• Pick up set dressing items from prop houses.
• Unwrap hand props and place in organized fashion off-set.
• "Rough-in" furniture and items into place, based on sketches or directions from Set Decorator.
• Execute more detailed placement upon Set Decorator's instructions.
Set Dresser Assigned to the Set. The Set Dresser Assigned to the Set represents the Set Decorator during actual shooting once the Set Decorator leaves the set.
• Works under the supervision of the Property Master during actual shooting (Underline?-BMB), and represents the Set Decoration Department on set.
• Verifies that reference photos have been taken for redressing the set, if necessary.
• Ensures that items are redressed in their proper places if set dressing items have to be struck for any reason.
• Notifies Lead Person if there is a change in schedule, or if shooting on a particular set hasn't been completed.
• Protects the set and covers necessary items. Works with the Assistant Director to protect against accidents by preventing eating and drinking on any set.
• Places "Hot Set" signs on a set in progress so set dressing is not moved, which otherwise might disturb the continuity of the scene.
• Locks up valuable pieces once shooting for the day has wrapped.
STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS. The size and scope of a show may necessitate any of the following situations:
• On large shows, the Set Decorator may call in another Set Decorator to do sets when distances between locations make it difficult for one Decorator to supervise all necessary work.
• A Set Decorator may staff two Lead Persons. One may handle crew logistics and paperwork, and the other may assist the Set Decorator with tagging and supplies.
• The most efficient and cost-effective way to meet the requirements of shows with extensive drapery work may be to place a drapery person full-time on the Set Dressing crew. This person would then also be available to transition over to help the other Set Dressers as needs may dictate.
DEPARTMENTAL INTERACTION. As television and filmmaking is a collaborative process, communication between departments is necessary. In the interest of maintaining a good working environment, a Set Decorator will most likely confer with the following departments:
(listed in alphabetical order)
Accounting. Acquires from accounting for purpose of budgeting the following list of proper tracking numbers for doing purchase orders, work orders, set numbers and television episodic numbers.
Art Department/Production Design. To discuss the overall design concept for the project in order to select the appropriate Set Dressing.
Construction Coordinator. For any set dressing-related construction requirements, possible budgeting overlaps, painter requests, scheduling of dressing time and construction of goldroom.
Director. To clarify Director's specific needs in relationship to Set Decoration and to present an overall plan for the Set Dressing of the show.
Director of Photography. To discuss practical lighting, colors and window treatments in relationship to lighting needs and their appropriateness.
Gaffer/Set Lighting. To discuss the style and number of Set Dressing fixtures so Set Lighting will be prepared and staffed to make them practical.
Producers. To discuss the time frame for prep, shoot and wrap, as well as the set dressing concept and any budget challenges.
Production Office Staff. Arrange for "start" paperwork (W-2's, deal memos, etc.), office space, parking accommodations, copy of deal memo and legal clearances.
Product Placement House (if one is provided). To discuss any scripted Set Dressing, or Set Dressing that logically would be present, which might be obtained for no cost in exchange for its promotional value. The Set Decorator, at his/her discretion, personally contacts the Product Placement Houses.
Property Master. To clarify delineation of responsibilities. (A basic rule of thumb is that the Property Master will be responsible for the acquisition, purchase and manufacture of any item which moves, which is held by the actor or which is specifically identified in the script.)
Special Effects. For metal work and sometimes specialized furnishings. Large lighting fixtures may require special rigging. To make sinks, tubs and showers "practical" (workable, useable). To discuss breakaway pieces that may need to be built in order to match existing Set Dressing, to alert Special Effects of the Set Dressing 'suse of candles and torches so permits can be obtained.
Stunt Coordinator. To discuss any Set Dressing which is present during stunt action.
Technical Advisor (if available). To provide specific information to correctly dress a set that relates to the advisor's field of expertise (for example, a physician/nurse for medical set-ups, a magician for magic tricks, an acupuncturist for proper technique, a military officer for advice on protocol, etc.)
Transportation. To discuss drivers and vehicle requirements for show.
Unit Production Manager. Hires and negotiates deal memo with Set Decorator, discusses "pattern budget (an estimate created by accountants based only on script data)" and is given an educated budged prepared by the Set Decorator for Set Dressing, Transportation and manpower. Daily conversations on crew overtime hour, meals, additional manpower or transportation, budget update and scheduling challenges.
Video and Computer Graphics Coordinators. To address all Set Dressing requirements so that video and computer screens will photograph naturally.
Wardrobe. To maintain harmony of color palettes, especially with regards to upholstery colors, bed linens, table cloths, where actors' clothing may interact.
QUALIFICATIONS. A Set Decorator is recognized by Local 44 in one of two ways --
(1) Through advancement from within the union. A Property member must have:
• a total of 720 hours as a Property Lead Person under the Basic Agreement or its Supplements to be eligible for placement on the Industry Experience Roster (IER) as a Set Decorator, provided that all hours as a lead where preformed within 12 consecutive months immediately preceding the submission date of his/her application to be placed on the IER as a Set Decorator; and
• Paid the adjusted balance now due for initiation fees and quarterly dues (since fees and dues increase in proportion to one's rate of pay under the Basic Agreement).
- OR -
(2) Through the union organizing process:
• A non- union candidate is recognized by CSATF as having worked for 30 qualified days as a Set Decorator on a show which has been organized by IATSE; and
• He or she pays all appropriate initiation fees and dues, and is sworn in by Local 44 as a member.
MINIMUM PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS. Over the years, the Set Decorator's craft has benefited from a rich and time-honored tradition of learning from previous veterans. A Set Decorator should possess and develop the following:
• An overall knowledge of furnishings and styles.
• An ability to read blueprints
• Facility in breaking down a script according to Set Dressing requirements
• Strong research skills.
• Access to resources and catalogues.
• A working understanding of the technical aspects of filmmaking -- camera angles, film stock, how colors will photograph, how camera lenses will affect an image.
• An overall knowledge of construction.
• Intuition.
• Innovation.
• Physical stamina! The long, arduous hours of film and television production require good judgement in physically pacing oneself and avoiding illness.
• Focus and concentration.
• Ability to lead and delegate responsibilities.
• Accountability for large sums of money.
• Good understanding of union jurisdictions.
• Communication skills with Director, Producers, and other department heads to establish needs.
• Impeccable organizational ability to list many thoughts at once.
• Ability to order and manufacture set dressing items such as: an oversized conference table, or a stuffed, lifesized dinosaur.
• Computer skills.
• Strong visual concept. Experienced Set Decorators speak of "having all the sets in my head." As they visit prophouses or vendors, a good Set Decorator has the ability to tag items for multiple sets.
• Flexibility and adaptability.
• Spatial sense. Set Decorators have mentioned visiting location sites where it was impractical or impossible to carefully measure dimensions of the shooting space. In these cases, they must rely upon an intuitive concept of how many furnishings will be necessary to properly fill the space on the day of the shoot.
SCRIPT BREAKDOWN. No specific format exists for breaking down a shooting script into the requirements of the Set Decoration Department. A suggested format is as follows:
(1) List All Sets. It is necessary to "read between the lines" for hidden budget areas:exterior streets, hallways outside rooms required for entrances and exits, porches seen from windows, etc.
(2) Dissect Each Set. Identify and list all set dressing items needed to create the appropriate environment (essentially, a working shopping list).
(3) Create Budgets For All Sets. Each set is listed on a Budget Form and items are grouped into the following categories:
• Purchases
• Rentals
• Drapes
• Flooring
• Fixtures
• Manufacturing
• Hardware
• Greens
The Budgeting Form is submitted to the Unit Production Manager.
ETIQUETTE FOR SET DECORATORS. The Set Decorator should:
• Ensure that he/she or a representative will "open" the set in the morning.
• Remain on set until the camera rolls for the first shot.
• Let the Assistant Directors know when leaving the set.
• Communicate with the Production Designer regarding creative interaction.
• Respect all departmental jurisdictions.
• Keep the Unit Manager informed of daily activity.
SCREEN CREDIT. The Set Decorator, along with other affiliated craftspersons such as the Director of Photography, Art Director and Costumer, has a contractual right to screen credit. The agreement between the Producers and IATSE reads as follows:
Whenever and as long as the practice of giving screen credit to an individual (exclusive of the producer, writer, director, and cast) prevails, the producer agrees that screen credit shall also be given in a prominent place on all positive prints to Set Decorators rendering their services for the photoplay.
The term "associate" or "assistant" shall not be used in connection with such screen credit."
--Producers Agreement, Paragraph 84, p. 98
AWARD ELIGIBILITY. On both large and small screens, Local 44 Set Decorators have received countless nominations and many awards.
Film. Set Decorators are eligible for an Academy Award, along with the Production Designer, under the category of "Art Direction."
Television. Set Decorators are eligible for Daytime and Primetime Emmy Awards, along with the Production Designer, under the category of "Art Direction."
ORGANIZATIONS. A number of fine organizations exist for the Set Decorator which provide support and fellowship:
Set Decorators Society of America
Pacific Design Center
8687 Melrose Avenue, Suite MB28 (mezzanine, Blue Building)
Los Angeles, CA 90069
(310) 289-1959
Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences (AMPAS)
8949 Wilshire Boulevard
Beverly Hills, CA 90211
(310) 247-3000
Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
5220 Lankershim Boulevard
North Hollywood, CA 91601
(818) 754-2800
SPECIAL EFFECTS/PROP SHOP
In the field of entertainment, the old saying has been adjusted to read, "Where there's smoke, there's a Special Effects man." Whenever the production requires that a certain physical, natural or elemental condition be reproduced in a controlled manner, a qualified Special Effects person is called in.
The Special Effects Coordinator staffs and supervises the Prop Shop. The versatile Special Effects/Prop Shop combination is responsible for handling any mechanical effects, constructed set dressing and prop needs required for film production.
Special Effects Definitions. For the purposes of this section, a Special Effect is a filmed sequence of controlled events which produces through artificial means a visual and/or aural impression of a physical, natural or elemental condition.
A further differentiation should be made between Special Effects, which are created by mechanical means, and Visual Effects, which are computer-generated images. It should be noted, however, that both Departments often work together to create even better, more seamless effects than previously considered possible.
The Special Effects/Prop Shop qualified members build and rig stunts (scenes which require physical daring or involve physical risk to a character being filmed) and gags (a sequence of controlled mechanical events which require some type of rigging). A veteran Effects person made this distinction, "Stunts happen to people, gags happen to things."
Another Special Effects distinction to be made is between an application (a particular way of creating an effect), and an appliance (any effect applied directly to a part of the body).
Special Effects fall into several classification areas: Wind and Air Effects, Rain, Snow, Fire-Flares-Torches, Smoke-Fog-Artificial Atmospheric- Ambiance, Steam-Cryogenic Breathable Fog, Water, Cobwebs and Dust (See "Classification" section).
CREW RESPONSIBILITIES. The Prop Shop is looked upon to construct any mechanical effects or needed props, set dressing items and rigging, while Special Effects sets up and supervises rigging, breakaways, creates weather conditions and other gags and effects, including pyrotechnics, usually for the camera.
The Special Effects/Prop Shop/Propmaker crew breakdown is as follows:
Special Effects Coordinator (classified under contracts as a Foreman). Oversees the design of effects and gags required by the production.
• Staffs the Prop Shop qualified members
• Breaks down the script and writes a budget for production meetings, including Prop Shop construction budget. Assists production in evaluating how budget allocations will affect the look of an effect.
• Hires personnel proficient or qualified in specific skills.
• Explains to Producer and Director the mechanics of a stunt or gag.
• Obtains necessary safety permits when a stunt or gag is required, such as with open flame situations: candles, fireplaces, camp fires and torches.
• Ensures stunt safety for actors and crew.
• Supplies Work Box and equipment.
Special Effects Qualified Assistants (classified under contracts as Gang Boss or Journeyman, depending on responsibilities). Usually hired to perform duties requiring a specific skill, or to assist the Special Effects Coordinator with general tasks. See "Minimum Professional Standards" for specific skill areas.
Prop Shop Foreman. The Prop Shop Foreman staffs and builds necessary items required by various departments: for instance, the Art Department might request the building of a craft from scale drawings or miniatures, the Set Decorators and Property Masters might need the Shop to build special set dressing pieces or props, and Special Effectsmight ask for rigging, welding or breakaways to be constructed.
The Prop Shop Foreman:
• Estimates Special Effects construction jobs.
• Makes recommendations on manufacturing processes.
• Orders materials.
• Oversees the manufacture of requested items.
• Repairs production equipment as needed.
• Handles Prop Shop paperwork and submits to Special Effects Coordinator for approval.
• Acquires needed permits for crews, such as welding and cutting permits.
Prop Shop (Gang Boss). Most experienced crew member assigned to oversee a group of Journeymen executing a specific Prop Shop construction order:
• Builds alongside Journeymen as a "working supervisor."
• Offers crew the benefit of his/her experience. Helps teach the Journeymen, and serves as a source of information and advice.
Journeymen Prop Shop Workers. They build the Prop Shop items. Their duties are as follows:
• Arrive with minimum tool list as required in contract (See "Tool List")
• Follow all building orders.
TOOL LIST. Prop Shop personnel should have a complete set of "Propmaker" tools as outlined in Exhibit "B" in the Black Book:
• 16 oz. Claw Hammer
• 25' or 30' Measuring Tape
• 100' Measuring Tape
• 12" Combination Square
• Framing Square
• Bevel Square
• 8 pt. Hand Saw
• 12 pt. Hand Saw
• Back Saw
• Key Hole Saw
• 1/4" - 1/2" - 3/4" - 1" Wood Chisels
• Cold Chisel
• Box Plane
• Hand Axe
• Two Chalk Boxes
• Dry Line
• Line Level
• 24" or 30" Level
• Compass
• Angle Dividers
• 24" or 30" Wrecking Bar
• 10" Vise Grip Pliers
• Pliers
• Diagonal Cutters
• Straight-head and Phillips-head Screwdrivers
• 10" Crescent Wrench
• Nail Sets - Various Sizes
• Wood Files - Various Types and Sizes
• Sharpening Stone
• Tool Belt
• Assorted Pencils and Marking Crayons
• Plumb Bob
• Utility Knife and Blades
• Gloves
• Cordless Drill
• Large Ratcheting Screwdriver (Yankee)
• Tool Box (with proper identification: "(Name)" and "Property Craftsperson - Local 44" )
STAFFING CONSIDERATIONS. The size and scope of a show may necessitate any of the following situations:
• Television shows with relatively light Special Effects duties generally provide for one Key Effects person and a Crew Member.
• Larger shows may require multiple Special Effects crews to staff each location where Special Effects are involved. The Special Effects staff for Science Fiction and Fantasy projects may number into the hundreds.
• SPECIAL POINT OF CONSIDERATION: It is increasingly of value for effects-heavy productions to have a Special Effects Qualified person solely for purchasing and budgeting. The knowledge necessary for proper budget evaluation falls outside the expertise area of typical studio personnel.
DEPARTMENTAL INTERACTION. As television and filmmaking is a collaborative process, communication between departments is necessary. In the interest of maintaining a good working environment, a Special Effects Coordinator will most likely confer with the following departments:
(listed in alphabetical order)
Construction Coordinator. For building and scheduling requirements for stunts and gags.
Electrical Department. For electrical machinery which create an effect, such as ritters (wind machines), lightning machines. For other electrical equipment welding machines, trailer and shop electrical needs.
Grips. For certain types of necessary rigging, such as scaffolding and green beds as required. Collaborate on theatrical stage rigging as required.
Make-up and Hair. For special effects appliances on the body.
Production. For budgetary concerns.
Production Design and Art Department. To fit the "look" of a special effect with the design concept.
Property Master. For rubber items, breakaways, props and gags.
Set Decoration. To match set dressing with breakaway or rubber pieces used in the scene. To obtain necessary permits (for example, open flame permits for candles, fireplaces, torches on sets).
Transportation. For coordination with location assistance. For car, truck and vehicular needs for special effects: windshields, tires, parts, etc. For transporting Special Effects Coordinator's trailer. For purchases, pick-ups and delivery.
Wardrobe. For special effects gags concealed under or affecting clothing. For leather work and construction of period leather apparel, and certain plastic, or pre-formed wearing apparel.
QUALIFICATIONS. The path of advancement for Special Effects/Prop Shop qualified personnel is as follows:
(1) A qualified Propmaker logs 1,200 hours with IATSE signator employers in areas classified as Prop Shop Duties (See "List of Working Skills for a Prop Shop Person" outlined below); and
(2) Must pass a written Prop Shop test.
[At this point, the member is recognized by Contract Services Administration Trust Fund (CSATF) as a Prop Shop Journeyman. If the Prop Shop Journeyman wishes to advance to Special Effects, the process continues - ]
(3) A qualified Prop Shop candidate for Special Effects must hold a Prop Shop card for four years; and
(4) Must pass a written examination and appear before the Qualifications Committee for a practical examination.
- OR -
A non-union Special Effects Coordinator may also join Local 44 as a Propmaker if the following conditions are met:
(1) Candidate must log in 30 qualified days as a Special Effects Coordinator (as recognized by CSATF) on a show which is organized by the Union; and
(2) Pays all required initiation fees and member dues,and is sworn in by Local 44 as a Propmaker.
As a Propmaker, the candidate follows the specified path of advancement.
List of Working Skills for a Prop Shop Person. Once a Propmaker is recognized by the union, that candidate may apply work hours with IATSE signator employers towards qualifying for the Prop Shop. The hours are as follows:
(1) Read and construct from blueprints. 100 hours
(2) Build and install sash and doors. 50 hours
(3) Build and layout of stairs. 50 hours
(4) Glazer: a) Cut, grind, and polish all glass and mirrors
b) Install all glass mirrors on sets and props 50 hours
(5) Layout of all sheet metal products. 100 hours
(6) Gas Welding and cutting. 100 hours
(7) Arc Welding. 100 hours
(8) Machinist - Operation of lathes, mills, grinders, indentification and use of grinding stones, drill presses, punches, tapping operations, boring and sharpening of all cutting tools necessary to perform these operations. 50 hours
(9) Cabinet and Furniture Building. 100 hours
(10) Plastic:
a) Identifying plastic content, selection of correct softening and glueing agents, extensive knowledge of fastening methods, forming, cutting, coloring and polishing along with tensile strengths.
b) Use of vacuum forming machines.
c) Use of urethane gun.
d) Use of fiberglass gun. 100 hours
(11) Rubber - Thorough knowledge of chemical content of compounds needed for each product; manufacturing of armature and preparation for casting; trimming and preparation for painting and/or coloring. 100 hours
(12) Leather - Identification of skins, stripping, their strength and accepted uses; methods of fastening, forming, preserving, refurbishing and dying. 100 hours
(13) Break-away Glass - Knowledge of chemical content of break-away glass, heating and pouring methods, manufacturing of armatures for molds; preparation of molds for use and coloring of products. 50 hours
(14) Break-Away Woods - Extensive knowledge and ability to select proper material and build all break-away, prepare and repair of break-away. 50 hours
(15) Miniature Builder - The act of reducing full scale to fractions and/or to over scale from drawings, pictures, and from full scale objects; effectively using all types of material; miniature electric and rigging of all kinds; an extensive knowledge of architectural applications and an ability to create perspective graduated layouts of miniature sets and props along with hanging and activating same. The miniature builder is adept at creating and handling animated props manufactured from all material. Creating miniatures both over and under scale. He/she is an exceptional blueprint reader and draftsperson. 50 hours
(16) Electrical Fixtures and Prop Builders - Thorough knowledge of electricity in prop making division and safety regulations as required by law. 25 hours
(17) Rigging - All types of rigging and construction used by the Prop Maker in the Motion Picture Industry. 50 hours
(18) Heli-arc Welding - Proper preparation of metal to be welded; knowledge of metal content and identification of metals to be welded along with proper filler and weld metal. 25 hours
Minimum Total Hours 1,200 hours
Licensing. In the interest of safety, proper licensing is a necessary and favorable requirement for hiring. Depending upon the type of work performed, a member may need "Powder Cards," or Pyrotechnic Licenses issued by the California State Fire Marshal's Office -- Third Class, Second Class, and First Class (most experienced); a Welder's Licensing for welding work; Diving Certification for underwater work, among other certifications for aerial licenses and powder-actuated tools (See "Skill and Licensing Information").
MINIMUM PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS. Since Prop Shop Skills are the foundation upon which a career in Special Effects is built, knowledge of basic areas of Prop Shop Skills are essential. The following list helps to further define skill areas mentioned in the "List of Working Skills for Prop Shop Person":
Plastics
Plexiglas Fiberglass, Resins - ridged, flexible, gelcoats
Polycarbonates, Lexan Glues and Finishing Techniques
Thermal Plastics Clothes, ropes and fabrics
Heat Forming Plastics Chopper Gun and equipment needed
Liquid Plastics - Clear Resin Vacuum Forming
Rubber and Urethane Materials (foams)
2 Part foam - 2 lb. to 8 lb. Mix and pour. Mold making with RTV
2 Part foam - spray application Plaster molds
Liquid wood Guns, Swords, knives and clubs
Silicone rubber Armatures for molds, props
Epoxies Rubbers for protection - sorbathane, foams
Solvents
Breakaways in Sets and Props
Wood-cork Glass - breakaway, tempered
Foams - snow plaster Mirrors (safety mylar)
Plastics Building structures
Plasters and Stearic Acid Vehicles
Set Dressing - chairs, tables, etc. Fastening techniques, types of joints
Props - vases, glasses, lamps
Miniatures
Scaling down and up Plastics (formed-replications of other
Hobby shop - cars, trains, planes materials)
Foams with wooden supports/armatures Wood (balsa)
Soft woods Plasters and stearic acids
Special tools Other applications
Vehicles
Safety Seat Belts and Show movement- support on inner tubes,
Safety Harnesses installation bungee cord, spring
Driver's seats Roll cages, Pipe ramps
Throttle springs for carburetor Cannon (air installation and principle)
Light dimming and hot lights Towing and release(headlights)
Stagecoaches and wagons
Fuel cells, principle of Breakaway tongues, blind driver, and
Brake adjustments and Emergency tipovers
Brake rig for 180 degree slide
Process bodies (car parts removed for camera)
Electrical and Electronics
Basic theory and principals Rotary switches
AC/DC applications Transformers
Remote Control units Pulse circuit
Various variable resistors Batteries - series and parallel
Electronic timers (blinking lights, telephones or klunker box)
Hydraulics - fluid & air
Rams Bimba rams
Pumps Elevator Cars
Motors Tipping over of Vehicles
Application and principals Counterbalancing
Gimbals Jerk back (stunts)
Air cannons Types of Valves, Controls
Air mortars
Rigging
Piano wire ties/Cable ties Elevator doors
Cables and Rope Knots Rotary platforms, turntables, etc.
Charts - size/strength of piano wire Jerk-backs and ratchets
Descenders Releases, pelican hooks (trips)
Towing and release - vehicles, Arrows and knives on wires
Airplanes, wagons, stagecoach, etc.
Flying
People Flying Suits
Objects Flying Pans
Piano wire Platform and Parallelogram
Monofilament Rabbits
Cable Hardware
Flying tracks Counter-balance weights
Flying Basket 360 degrees Sheaves, pulleys, rope lock
Flying Bars
Machinery
Types of Metals Bandsaw, dual
Lathe, speeds, cutting fluids Blood knives
Mill, speeds, cutting fluids Collapsible knives and other props
Drill press, speeds, cutting fluids Tubing benders
Iron worker Welding - Heli-arc, stick, wire and brazing
Radiack-cold saw and blades
Sheetmetal Work
Types of metals Rodex punch
Shear Rollers - stove pipe, flat seams, stove pipe
Brake-types of bends joints
Spot welder Hoods - fire, windows, forge
Soldering Hand tools for sheet metal work
Power Systems: Gas, Diesel and Electric
Gas Gearing chain and belts
Diesel Eccentric
Electric Motors AC/DC Application to power objects
Leather
Types of leathers and hides and their uses
Stitching andl lacing and dyes and finishes
Tools, Fasteners
Chemicals
MSDS sheets for materials used
Safety and Hazards
Basic Computer Skills
NOTE: For those on the path of advancement from Prop Shop to Special Effects, further application and refining of Prop Shop skills are necessary. The candidate should be able to demonstrate skills in the majority of the following areas:
Wind and Air Effects
Safety Air mortars (blow debris)
Wind machines Air cannons (throw objects)
Blowing debris/leaves Uses on stage (brushes.leaves)
With smoke and fog Pellet gun
Process filming Blood hits
Air movers
Rain
Equipment Rain pipes (control areas)
Materials Drip pipes (windows)
Safety (AMPTP bulletins) Interior/exterior
Water sources with wind
Pumps Night filming
Waterproofing Goose drownder (rain head)
Lightning effects Traveling rain (vehicles)
Rain stands (types) Noise, Silencing
Rain bars
Snow
Types of materials/supplies Holes in ice (pond/lake)
Falling Hot wax gun
Blowing Presurized tanks
Drifts Applicators, Falling snow
Curbs Jet-x foam, Syphon
Handrail/windows Anti-foam solutions
Streets/roads Potato flakes
Slush Hypo Crystals
Trees and Bushes Snow blanket, cotton
Exterior house Footprints in snow
Window frosting crystals Equipment for making snow
Frozen bodies of water Equipment for making frost
Fire - Flares - Torches
Permits Use of sparks
Fire proofing Fire logs
Fire protection Hot coals
Water Supplies Blacksmith's fire
Eddy valves Buildings
Safety (AMPTP bulletin) Doors
Flares Windows
Torches( gas/fuel) Cars
Campfires (interior/exterior) Brush fires
Types of fuel Burning of cars
Flicker effects Burning of sets
Use of smoke
Smoke - Fog - Artificial Atmospheric - Ambiance
Safety and Hazards Breathable fog (liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen mix) AMPTP Safety bulletins Ambient diffusion (stage)
Types of materials Ash trays
Equipment Car exhaust
Their uses Car Radiator
Types of smoke Train smoke
Types of fog Smoke stacks
Exterior haze Clouds
Low-lying fog Showers/baths
Steam - Cryogenic Breathable Fog
Permits and licenses Steam on car windows
Safety Material used
Type of steam boilers Dry ice
Water and power source Fire protection equipment
Operating temperature Cryogenic application (liquid oxygen, nitrogen mix)
Fire protection equipment Co2
Volume Broken steam pipes
Steam manifolds Car radiator
Steam hose Teapot/kettle
Pipes/fishtails Coffee cup
Manhole covers Shower/bathroom
Curbs/flex conduit
Water
Permits Heating
Water source Waterfalls
Water pressure Streams
Equipment Portable spill tanks
Tank volumes Wetdowns (streets)
Materials Frost on car (night)
Coloring Trees
Suds/foam/bubbles Bushes
Wet look (long lasting) Heating (swiming pools)
Waterfront wet look Showers/bath tubs
Pond agitation Quicksand
Waves/wave makers Slime
Splashes (sides of boats) Environmental safety
Storms
Plumbing Recap: Water, Steam, Air, Natural/LPG Gases and Cryogenic
Safety Types of manifolds
Permits Valves (manual/electric)
Suppliers Gauges
Types of piping Types of insulation
Pipe fittings Phase separators
Copper tubing Relief Valves
Tubing fittings Pop-offs
Types of Hoses Regulators
Hose fittings Tanks and accumulators
Nozzles
Cobwebs/Dust
Safety Dusting set, cars
Cobweb Equipment Dust trails
Cobweb Materials Dust storms
Advanced Computer Experience
Word Processing, Calendar, Accounting Program (Quick Book Pro or MYOB), Spreadsheets, Databases and the Internet in order to perform the following functions--
• Breakdown of script, list of things to do with scene numbers.
• Lists of labor, equipment, tools, supplies and rentals.
• Track job costs and timecards.
• Invoice costs of materials and supplies.
• Costs for rental equipment, day/week.
• Calendar for scheduling scenes and labor.
• Database for Vendors: names, companies, addresses and phone numbers.
Additionally, the following will be useful depending upon area of specialization:
• Common sense
• Understanding of load capacities
• Knowledge of a variety of materials
• Knowledge of how lighting and camera lenses will affect the look of the stunt or gag
• An understanding of how Special Effects and Visual Effects can complement each other in creating various effects
• Ingenuity and problem-solving skills
• Continual willingness to learn, retrain and test
• Understanding of electronics and remote controls
• Knowledge of craftsmen possessing specific skills and licensing
• Ability to perceive how the individual filmed sequences of a gag will add up to the visual concept
• Knowledge of the editing process
• Understanding of rigging
• Knowledge of flying props
• Advanced computer skills
ETIQUETTE FOR PROP SHOP/SPECIAL EFFECTS MEMBERS.
The Special Effects Coordinator should:
• See that requested production repairs are made so long as they don't interfere with immediate job duties. Because of the vast experience Special Effects Coordinators and their crews bring to the job, it is not uncommon for other departments to look to them for repairs -- for instance, broken props and set dressing.
• Confer with the Cinematographer for special needs. Ask about subtle effects.
AWARD ELIGIBILITY. Local 44 Special Effects members are among the most respected in the field, and they have garnered countless nominations and numerous awards.
Film. Members may be nominated for an Academy Award in the category of "Visual Effects."
Television. Members may also be nominated for Primetime Emmy Awards in the category of "Visual Effects."
ORGANIZATIONS. For support and fellowship:
The Alliance of Special Effects & Pyrotechnic Operators, Inc. (ASEPO)
12522 Moorpark Street
Studio City, CA. 91604
Phone: (818) 506-8173
Fax: (818) 769-9438
Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences (AMPAS)
8949 Wilshire Boulevard
Beverly Hills, CA 90211
(310) 247-3000
Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
5220 Lankershim Boulevard
North Hollywood, CA 91601
(818) 754-2800
SKILLS, LICENSES & CERTIFICATES
The Callboard records in your information file the various skills, licenses and certificates that you hold in order to identify work possibilities. If an employer calls with a specific request -- for instance, "a certified welder with a scuba certificate" -- the Callboard Stewards will find members who fill those particular qualifications.
Local 44 requires copies of your updated licenses and skills which require a card or certificate, as the Callboard clears you to work by verifying that your licenses are still in effect.
Members should confirm that all their skills, licenses and certificates are accurately listed with the Callboard. What follows is the Callboard's Classification List, with the corresponding classification code in parenthesis (CODE).
CSATF CRAFTS AND SUBCLASSIFICATIONS. For information on obtaining any of the following classifications, call the Contract Services Administration Trust Fund (CSATF) AT 818-995-0900.
(11 UPHS) Upholsterer. Supplies furniture with stuffing, springs, cushions and covering fabric.
(13 FLRC) Floor Coverer. All floor treatments including carpeting, linoleum, wood (masonry and tile not included).
(14 DRAP) Drapery. All window treatments, including fabric and hardware.
(16) Sewing Person. Any sewing required by any of the other crafts contained within Local 44.
(21) Property. The care, moving and placing of properties as a crew member for Set Decoration, Props and Prophouse.
(29) Greens. The dressing of the set with real and synthetic plants.
(3) Propmaker. Set carpenters.
(3 - 7) Shaper. Qualified to operate machinery used to make irregular shapes (for molding).
(3 - 8) Sticker. Qualified to operate machinery used to make straight pieces (for molding).
(3 - SM) Sheet Metal Only. Specializes in sheet metal fabrication work.
(3 - WEL) Welder Only. Joins metals using heat and a filler metal.
(3 - WLBS) Welder/Blacksmith. Welds, also forges and shapes iron.
(4) Prop Shop. Performs shop work for Special Effects Department, also may construct props and set dressing items.
(5) Special Effects. Creates, constructs and operates all mechanically reproduced effects.
(92) Coordinator. Coordinates all aspects of building for production, a "general contractor."
(CUC) Cue Card. Specializes in preparing and operating cue cards for performers.
(PMAS 21) Property Master. Maintains props and the set during production shooting.
(S - DEC) Set Decorator. Coordinates and selects the decor of the set.
CSATF CERTIFICATES. The following safety certificates are issued and administered by Contract Services Administration Trust Fund's Industry Wide Labor-Management Safety Committee in conjunction with the Safety PassportTM Program. Contact: 818-995-0900.
(BFSC) Basic Firearms Safety Certificate.
(COND) Elevated Platform (Condor) Certificate.
(SAFT) Safety Certificate & Safety Trainer.
(S/C) Safety Certificate.
FEDERAL LICENSES/CERTIFICATES. The following are required by the Federal Government for firearms handled during filming. Both licenses require a clean Federal record. Most states capitulate to the Federal Licenses, but a few -- California, in particular -- require additional firearms licensing (See "State Licenses/Certificates"). Contact the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms (213) 894-4815.
(FFL) Federal Firearms License. 3 year license which permits the transfer, sale and lending of conventional firearms (pistols, revolvers, rifles, etc). It actually licenses the firearms handler as a Dealer.
(NFA) NFA Firearms Dealer. Under the National Firearms Act, the Special Occupational Tax(SOT) stamp licenses the firearms dealer to be a "Machine Gun Dealer." This license is necessary to handle fully automatic weapons, as well as sawed-off shotguns and other short-barrel firearms. Also for Destructive Devices such as mortars and bazookas.
(NOTE: A Federal ID Number is also required for the above licenses, because you are essentially receiving a license to do business. NOTE ALSO: Any firearms manufactured before 1898 are considered antiques and do not require licensing.)
STATE FIRE MARSHAL LICENSES/CERTIFICATES. Required for Special Effects-certified work with pyrotechnics, and issued through the State Fire Marshal's Office in Sacramento. Contact number (916) 445- 8373.
(P/C1) Powder Card #1 for Special Effects Pyrotechnics. Requires 5 letters of reference, and logs showing 2 years experience after receiving Powder Card #2.
(P/C2) Powder Card #2 for Special Effects Pyrotechnics. Requires 5 letters of reference, and Logs showing 2 years of experience under the supervision of a Powder Card #1 holder.
(P/C3) Powder Card #3 for Special Effects Pyrotechnics. Requires 5 letters of reference. Recipient may only work under the supervision of a Powder Card #1 or #2 holder.
(F/W) Fireworks/Basic Commercial Pyrotechnics. Requires 5 letters of reference, and proof of having assisted a licensed Fireworks Pyrotechnician at 8 fireworks shows in California.
Fireworks/Basic Commercial Trainee. Requires 5 letters of reference, fingerprinting and must pass a written test. Must maintain logbooks during trainee period.
(T/PC) Theatrical Pyrotechnics. Requires 5 letters of reference, and 2 years experience as a Theatrical Trainee under a licensed Theatrical Pyrotechnician in California.
Theatrical Trainee. Requires 5 letters of reference, fingerprinting and must pass a written test. Must maintain logbooks during trainee period.
STATE LICENSES/CERTIFICATES
(A/CR) Aircraft Mechanic Certificate. Issued after having completed a course at a certified trade school. Issuing agency is the Federal Aviation Administration. Contact any certified trade school or occupational center offering course.
(ASW) Assault Weapons Permit. Required for handling, storage and transfer of any assault weapon on California's Assault Weapons List. Issued by the State Department of Justice in Sacramento (916) 227-3696.
(DDP) Destructive Device Permit. Required for handling, storage and transfer of destructive devices like mortars and bazookas.Issued by the State Department of Justice in Sacramento (916) 227-3696.
(G/C) General Contractor's License. License to build in the State of California. Contact the Contractors State Board in Sacramento (916) 255-3900.
(G/S) Gunsmith. A license to manufacture firearms. Contact the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (212) 894-4815 as well as the State Department of Justice (916) 227-3696.
(INSP) Building Inspector. County level certification for safety inspectors. Los Angeles has the most stringent requirements. Contact the Los Angeles County Licensing Department at 213-977-6310.
(L/S) Locksmith Certified. State certification to operate as a locksmith. Requires 3 years experience. Contact the State Security Investigation Service Licensing Unit at 916-322-4000.
(MCG) Machine Guns. In addition to the Federal ATF permit, California requires a Machine Gun Handler Permit. You must have a spotless background, and demonstrate a specific need for this license in your profession. (A Property Master or Gun Handler would submit letters from producers and directors which verify that the use of these weapons are necessary for productions. It helps to state that the weapons will not be stored at home, as this license essentially permits you to be a "Machine Gun Dealer"). Contact the State Department of Justice at (916) 227-3696.
(MFA) Medical First Aid. General designation that member has a first aid certificate issued by any recognized organization, from the American Red Cross to Paramedics Certification. Contact Specific Issuing Agency.
(P/H) Pilot, Helicopter's License. Issued by the Federal Avation Administration upon completion of a helicopter course at a licensed school, and an examination by a designated pilot examiner. Some schools have their own designated pilot examiner on premises. Look under "Aircraft Schools" in the Yellow Pages.
(PACT) Powder Actuated Tools. Issued by the Manufacturer ("Hilti" guns, for instance). Contact the tool's Manufacturer for licensing requirements.
(PILT) Pilot, Fixed Wing License. Issued by the Federal Avation Administration upon completion of a fixed wing course at a licensed school, and an examination by a designated pilot examiner. Some schools have their own designated pilot examiner on premises. Look under "Aircraft Schools" in the Yellow Pages.
(SBG) Short Barrel Shotgun Permit. In addition to the Federal ATF permit, California requires a Short Barrel Rifle/Shotgun Permit. You must have a spotless background, and demonstrate a specific need for this license in your profession. (A Property Master or Gun Handler would submit letters from producers and directors which verify that the use of these weapons are necessary for productions. It helps to state that the weapons will not be stored at home, as this license essentially permits you to be a "Gun Dealer") .
Issued by the State Department of Justice in Sacramento (916) 227-3696.
(TR/S) OSHA Trench & Shoring Certificate. Trench & Shoring Permits are issued by Cal OSHA (Consultation Service number (800) 963-9424), verifying that a "Competent Person" is conducting an excavation project (digging trenches, shoring sides). Trench and shoring training is offered by companies which supply shoring materials.
(TX) Taxidermy. A license to prepare, "mannikin" and mount skins of animals in a lifelike state. Contact the US Department of Interior, Fish & Wildlife Law Enforcement Division at 916-979-2987.
ADDED SKILL CODES. Under any skill which requires certification, Local 44 requires a copy of your updated certificate or card on file.
(PM/A) Assistant Property Master
(A/B) Auto Body
(A/K) Arrow & Knife
(A/M) Auto Mechanic
(ANIC) Animatronics
(B/G) Breakaway Glass
(B/OP) Boiler Operator. Certificate required.
(B/S) Blacksmith
(C/M) Cabinetmaker/Finish Work
(C/O) Craft Crossover
(COMP) Computers
(CWEL) Certified Welder. Certificate required.
(D/H) Deckhand, Boat
(DRAFT) Drafting
(ELEC) Electronics
(ELFX) Electrical Fixtures
(ELTR) Electrical Work
(EST) Estimator
(F/G ) FiberGlass
(F/O) Fiber Optics
(F/R) Furniture Repair
(FLR) Florist
(FOOD) Food Prep
(FOP) Fusion of Polyethylene
(G/W) Glass Work
(H/F) Hydroform
(HARD) Hardware
(HYDR) Hydraulics
(IRON) Ironworks
(L/M) Laser Work
(LATH) Lathe
(LEAT) Leather Work
(MACH) Machinist
(MEQ) Mechanical Equipment Operator
(MIN) Miniatures
(NE) Neon Work
(P/L) Plumber. License required.
(P/W) Period Weapons
(PLAS) Plastics
(PLAT) Plater
(PMKR) Pattern Maker
(PNEU) Pneumatics
(PUP) Puppeteering
(R/C) Remote Control
(RADC) Radio Control
(RBTS) Robotics
(RIG) Rigging
(ROOF) Roofer
(RUB) Rubber
(S/I) Scuba Instructor. The two largest certification bodies are the National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) and the Professional Association of Dive Instructors (PADI). For local course information contact NAUI at (800) 553- NAUI and PADI at (800) 729- 7234.
(S/M) Sheet Metal
(SAW) Saw Foam
(SCUL) Foam Seal
(SDIV) Scuba Diver. The two largest certification bodies are the National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) and the Professional Association of Dive Instructors (PADI). These courses are recognized worldwide, and certification is needed for a dive shop to fill air tanks. You may progress through the ranks as an advanced diver, master diver, rescue dive master, assistant instructor, dive instructor, and so on. For local course information contact NAUI at (800) 553-NAUI and PADI at (800) 729-7234.
(SHPR) Shaper
(SHYD) Servo Hydraulics
(SM/O) Stop-Motion Operator
(STKR) Sticker Machinist
(T/D) Tool & Die
(U/F) Urethane Foam
(V/F) Vacuum Forming
(V/T) Video Tape
(VSFX) Visual Effects
(W/D) Weapons Design
(WELD) Welder. Certificate required. Each welding process requires a separate certificate.